ﭼﻜﻴﺪﻩ

 

ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺣﻜﻤﺮﻭﺍﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺍژﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻱ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻓﻀﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻨﺠﻤﻠﻪ ﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺎ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺣﻜﻤﺮﻭﺍﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻨﺸﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﺣﻴﻄﻪ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻭ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﺣﻘﺎﻧﻴﺖ ﻋﺮﺻﻪ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺖ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﭼﺎﺭﭼﻮﺏ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﻣﻲ ﻭﺭﺯﺩ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻭ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﺑﺸﺮ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺣﻜﻤﺮﻭﺍﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻧﻘﺸﻲ ﺩﻭ ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ.

ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻓﻀﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻧﻘﺸﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﻭ ﺣﺎﻛﻤﻴﺖ ﻗﺎﺋﻞ ﺷﺪ . ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺖ ﺷﻬﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺣﻜﻤﺮﻭﺍﻳﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﺍﻣﻮﺭ ﺷﻬﺮﻱ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ. ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺖ ﺷﻬﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﺳﻤﻲ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻭ ﺣﻜﻤﺮﻭﺍﻳﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﻭﻟﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﺪﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻛﻨﺸﮕﺮ؛ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﻨﺘﺞ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻓﻀﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﻘﺸﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻓﻀﺎﻳﻲ ﻫﺮ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺭﺍ

ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﺒﻠﻮﺭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﻓﻀﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺖ.

 

ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﭼﻮﻥ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺖ، ﭘﺎﺳﺨﮕﻮﻳﻲ، ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻤﻨﺪﻱ، ﺷﻔﺎﻓﻴﺖ، ﺍﺛﺮ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻳﻲ، ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺖ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻓﻀﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻨﺘﺞ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻓﻀﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻧﺎﺋﻞ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﻛﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﺸﻬﺮ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺷﻬﺮﻱ ، ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺩﻣﻲ ، ﻛﻢ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ، ﮔﺮﻭﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ، ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻬﺮﻭﻧﺪﻱ ﻭ… ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻬﺮﻱ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﻫﺎ ﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﻭ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻓﻀﺎﻳﻲ ﻭﺍﮔﺮﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻱ ﻭﺟﻮﻩ ﺣﺎﻛﻤﻴﺘﻲ(ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺘﻲ-ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻲ، ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺘﻲ- ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ، ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻲ)، ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﻱ (ﻛﺎﺭﻛﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻪ ﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺘﻲ ﻣﺒﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮓ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ، ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﻭ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ-ﺑﺨﺸﻲ) ﻭ ﻭﺟﻪ ﻓﻀﺎﻳﻲ- ﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ(ﺍﺯ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺷﻌﺎﻉ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻓﻀﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ) ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻭ ﺳﻬﻢ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺘﻲ- ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﺸﻬﺮ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺩﻣﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﺍﻣﻮﺭ ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ 185 ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺷﻬﺮﻭﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ » ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺠﻢ« ﻭ »ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺗﺼﺎﺩﻓﻲ« ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ، ﺍﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻜﻤﺮﻭﺍﻳﻲ، ﺯﻳﺮ ﺣﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺷﻬﺮﻱ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﺸﻬﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺒﻌﻴﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ (ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻱ) ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮﻱ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺖ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﺶ ﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﺩ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺷﻬﺮﻱ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﺴﺠﻢ ﻭ ﻭﺍﮔﺮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﺸﻬﺮ

ﺑﻪ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻳﻲ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺘﻜﺜّﺮ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .

 

ﻭﺍژﮔﺎﻥ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻱ: ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ، ﺣﻜﻤﺮﻭﺍﻳﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﻱ، ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﻲ ﻓﻀﺎﻳﻲ، ﺍﺳﻼﻣﺸﻬﺮ

 

 

ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ

 

ﻓﺼﻞ ﺍﻭﻝ: ﻛﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ

 

-1-1 ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2

-1-2 ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ……………………………………………………………………………………. 3

 

-1-3 ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ……………………………………………………………………….. 4

-1-4 ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 6

 

-1-5 ﺳﺆﺍﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ…………………………………………………………………………………….. 6

-1-6 ﻓﺮﺿﻴﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ……………………………………………………………………………………. 6

 

-1-7 ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻨﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ………………………………………………………………………………………… 6

-1-7-1 ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ………………………………………………………………………………….. 6

 

-1-7-2 ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ…………………………………………………………………………………. 10

-1-8 ﺭﻭﺵ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ……………………………………………………………………………….. 15

 

-1-8-1 ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺁﻣﺎﺭﻱ……………………………………………………………………………………… 15

-1-8-2 ﺣﺠﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ………………………………………………………………………………………. 15

 

-1-8-3 ﺭﻭﺵ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ………………………………………………………………………………… 15

 

-1-8-4 ﺭﻭﺵ ﮔﺮﺩﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻫﺎ…………………………………………………………………………… 17

-1-8-5 ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻫﺎ……………………………………………………………………. 17

 

-1-9 ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ……………………………………………………………………… 19

-1-10 ﻭﺍژﮔﺎﻥ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻱ……………………………………………………………………………………… 19

 

ﻓﺼﻞ ﺩﻭﻡ: ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻧﻈﺮﻱ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ

 

-2-1 ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 21

 

-2-2 ﺗﻌﺎﺭﻳﻒ ﻭ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ…………………………………………………………………………………….. 21

-2-2-1 ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 21

 

-2-2-2 ﺣﻜﻤﺮﻭﺍﻳﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﻱ……………………………………………………………………………….. 22

-2-2-3 ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﻲ ﻓﻀﺎﻳﻲ…………………………………………………………………………… .. 22

 

-2-2-4 ﻗﺪﺭﺕ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 22

-2-2-5 ﺣﺎﻛﻤﻴﺖ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 23

 

-2-2-6 ﺩﻭﻟﺖ، ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺖ…………………………………………………………………………………… 23

-2-3 ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﻲ……………………………………………………………………. 26

 

2-3-1ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ،- ﻧﻬﺎﺩ، ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﻭ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻴﺖ………………………………………………………………… 26

-2-3-2 ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﻭ ﺣﺎﻛﻤﻴﺖ………………………………………………………………………. . 28

 

-2-3-3 ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﻓﻀﺎ، ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﻲ ﻓﻀﺎﻳﻲ…………………………………………………………. 30

 

-2-4 ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ………………………………………………………………………… 34

 

 

-2-4-1 ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ……………………………………………………………………… 34

-2-4-1-1 ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻛﻼﺳﻴﻚ…………………………………………………………………….. 34

-2-4-1-2 ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺮﻭﻥ ﻭﺳﻄﻲ(ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻪ)………………………………………………………………… 35

 

-2-4-1-3 ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻋﺼﺮ ﻣﺪﺭﻥ………………………………………………………………………….. 36

-2-4-1-4 ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻋﺼﺮ ﭘﺴﺎﻣﺪﺭﻥ……………………………………………………………………… 41

 

 

-2-4-2 ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻛﻤﻴﺖ………………………………………………………………….. 43

 

-2-4-3 ﺗﺌﻮﺭﻱ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﻇﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺖ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﺮﺩ »ﻓﻀﺎ« ﻭ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻓﻀﺎﻳﻲ………………………………… 47

-2-5 ﺣﻜﻤﺮﻭﺍﻳﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺮ ﺗﺤﻮﻝ ﺭﻭﻳﻜﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺷﻬﺮﻱ………………………………. 49

 

-2-6 ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺣﻜﻤﺮﻭﺍﻳﻲ………………………………………………………………………………… 52

-2-7 ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺣﻜﻤﺮﻭﺍﻳﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﻱ……………………………………………………………………………. 55

 

-2-8 ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﻭ ﻛﻨﺸﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﺣﻜﻤﺮﻭﺍﻳﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﻱ………………………………………………………………. 56

-2-9 ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺣﻜﻤﺮﻭﺍﻳﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﻱ…………………………………………… 57

 

– 2-10 ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺣﻜﻤﺮﻭﺍﻳﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﻱ…………………………………………………………………………… 61

– 2-11 ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺣﻜﻤﺮﻭﺍﻳﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﻱ…………………………………………………………………………… 62

 

-2-12 ﺭﻭﻳﻜﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻈﺮﻱ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺣﻜﻤﺮﻭﺍﻳﻲ……………………………………………………………… 66

-2-13 ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺣﻜﻤﺮﻭﺍﻳﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ………………………………………… 68

 

-2-13-1 ﻣﺪﻝ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺣﻜﻤﺮﻭﺍﻳﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﻱ…………………………………………… 68

 

-2-13-2 ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺣﻜﻤﺮﻭﺍﻳﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻨﺸﺎء ﻗﺪﺭﺕ………………………….. 69

-2-14 ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﺗﺌﻮﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺔ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺖ ﻭ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺷﻬﺮﻱ…………………………………………….. 70

 

-2-14-1 ﺗﺌﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ…………………………………………………………………………. 70

-2-14-2 ﺗﺌﻮﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ……………………………………………… 72

 

-2-14-2-1 ﺗﺌﻮﺭﻱ ﻧﺨﺒﻪﮔﺮﺍﻳﻲ(ﺍﻟﻴﺘﻴﺴﻢ) ……………………………………………………………….. 72

-2-14-2-1-1 ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻨﻪ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻟﻴﺖ ﻫﺎ……………………………………………… 72

 

-2-14-2-1-2 ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺍﻥ ﻧﺨﺒﮕﺎﻥ……………………………………………………. .. 73

-2-14-2-2 ﭘﻠﻮﺭﺍﻟﻴﺴﻢ……………………………………………………………………………………. 76

 

-2-14-2-3 ﻣﺪﻝ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﺭﺷﺪ…………………………………………………………………………… 77

-2-14-2-4 ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﺭژﻳﻢ………………………………………………………………………………….. 79

 

-2-14-3 ﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻩ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ…………………………………………………………………………. 80

-2-14-3-1 ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮ ﻣﺎﺭﻛﺴﻴﺴﻴﺘﻲ……………………………………………………………….. 82

 

– 2-14-3- 2 ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﻧﻈﻢ………………………………………………………………………………… 82

 

-2-14-4 ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺖ ﻭ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺷﻬﺮﻱ…………………………………. 84

-2-15 ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﻭ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ ﮔﺮ ﺣﻜﻤﺮﻭﺍﻳﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﻱ……………………………………………… 85

 

-2-15-1 ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﺪﻧﻲ……………………………………………………………………………………. 85

 

-2-15-2 ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ……………………………………………………………………………….. 86

 

 

ﺏ

 

 

-2-15-3 ﻧﻬﺎﺩﮔﺮﺍﻳﻲ………………………………………………………………………………………. 86

-2-16 ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 87

ﻓﺼﻞ ﺳﻮﻡ: ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻓﻀﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻛﻼﻧﺸﻬﺮﻱ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ

 

-3-1 ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 94

-3-2 ﻛﻼﻧﺸﻬﺮ ﻭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻛﻼﻧﺸﻬﺮﻱ……………………………………………………………………….. 95

-3-2-1 ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻨﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﭽﻪ……………………………………………………………………………….. 95

-3-3 ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻨﺔ ﺷﻜﻞ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻛﻼﻧﺸﻬﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺷﻬﺮﻱ…………………. 96

 

-3-4 ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻛﻼﻧﺸﻬﺮﻱ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ……………………………………….. 100

-3-4-1-1 ﺗﻮﭘﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ……………………………………………………………………………………. 100

 

-3-4-1-2 ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ………………………………………………………………… …………….. 102

-3-4-1-3 ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ…………………………………………………………………………….. 103

 

-3-4-1-4 ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺁﺏ…………………………………………………………………………………….. 104

 

-3-4-1-5 ﺧﺎﻙ…………………………………………………………………………………………. 105

-3-5-1 ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻓﻀﺎﻳﻲ- ﻛﺎﻟﺒﺪﻱ……………………………………………………………….. 106

 

-3-5-2 ﺳﻴﺮ ﺗﺤﻮﻝ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺷﻬﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺁﻥ……………………………………………………….. 111

-3-5-3 ﺍﺳﻜﺎﻥ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺭﺳﻤﻲ ﻭ ﺣﺎﺷﻴﻪ ﻧﺸﻴﻨﻲ…………………………………………………………… 117

 

-3-5-4 ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﻭ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺶ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ……………………………………………….. 120

-3-5-5 ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﻱ ﺍﺭﺍﺿﻲ…………………………………………………………………………….. 125

-3-6 ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﻭ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﺍﻣﻮﺭ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ……………………………………………………….. 127

 

-3-7 ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺣﻜﻤﺮﻭﺍﻳﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻛﻼﻥ ﺷﻬﺮﻱ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ

 

ﻣﻨﺸﺄ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 131

-3-7-1 ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻛﻼﻥ ﺷﻬﺮﻱ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ…… 132

-3-8 ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ………………………………………………………………………………………… 140

 

ﻓﺼﻞ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ: ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻓﻀﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﺸﻬﺮ

 

-4-1 ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 145

-4-2 ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﺸﻬﺮ………………………………………………………… 146

 

-4-2-1 ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﺸﻬﺮ……………………………………………………………. 146

-4-2-2 ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ…………………………………………………………………………………… 147

 

-4-2-3 ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍ………………………………………………………………………………………… 148

-4-2-3-1 ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ………………………………………………………………………………… 148

 

-4-2-4 ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺁﺑﻲ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 148

 

-4-2-5 ﺧﺎﻙ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 149

-4-2-6 ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ………………………………………………………………………………….. 149

 

-4-3 ﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﺸﻬﺮ…………………………………………………………………. 150

 

 

ﺕ

 

 

-4-3-1 ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻨﻪ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻲ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﺸﻬﺮ…………………………………………………………………….. 150

– 4-3- 2 ﻭﺟﻪ ﺗﺴﻤﻴﻪ ﻱ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﺸﻬﺮ……………………………………………………………………. 151

-4-3-3 ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﺸﻬﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺘﻲ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ…………………………………… 151

 

-4-3-4 ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺘﻲ…………………………………………………………………………….. 152

-4-3-4-1 ﺷﻤﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺭ…………………………………………………………………………… 152

 

-4-3-4-2 ﺳﻮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ………………………………………………………………………………. 152

 

-4-3-4-3 ﺭﺷﺪ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ………………………………………………… 153

-4-3-4-3-1 ﺩﻫﻪ 153……………………………………………………………………… 1335-1345

 

-4-3-4-3-2 ﺩﻫﻪ 154……………………………………………………………………… 1345-1355

-4-3-4-3-3 ﺩﻫﻪ 155……………………………………………………………………… 1355-1365

 

-4-3-4-3-4 ﺩﻫﻪ 156……………………………………………………………………… 1365-1375

-4-3-4-3-5 ﺩﻫﻪ 156……………………………………………………………………… 1375-1385

 

-4-3-5 ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﺸﻬﺮ……………………………………………………………. 157

-4-3-5-1 ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﺷﺘﻐﺎﻝ………………………………………………………………………………… 157

 

-4-3-5-2 ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ، ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺗﻜﻔﻞ………………………………………. 158

-4-3-5-3 ﺑﻨﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﺸﻬﺮ…………………………………………….. 160

 

-4-3-5-4 ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ، ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺎﻩ، ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺷﺘﻐﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻬﺮ………………. 160

 

-4-4 ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﻭ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﻱ ﺍﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﺸﻬﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ…………… 162

-4-4-1 ﺩﻫﻪ 162…………………………………………………………………………………….. 1330

 

-4-4-2 ﺩﻫﻪ 163…………………………………………………………………………………….. 1340

-4-4-3 ﺩﻫﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ 1360 ﻭ 165……………………………………………………………………. 1350

 

-4-4-4 ﺩﻫﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ 1380ﻭ169……………………………………………………………………… 1370

-4-5 ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻛﻢ ﻭﻛﻴﻒ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﺴﻜﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﺷﻬﺮﻱ……………………………….. 173

 

-4-5-1 ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻭ ﻣﺴﻜﻦ…………………………………………………………………….. 173

-4-5-2 ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ……………………………………………………… 174

 

-4-5-3 ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻧﻔﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ…………………………………………………………… 175

 

-4-6 ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﺷﻬﺮﻱ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﺸﻬﺮ- ﺭﺑﺎﻁ ﻛﺮﻳﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺷﻬﺮﻱ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﺸﻬﺮ ﺩﺭ

 

ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﺷﻬﺮﻱ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 177

 

-4-7 ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﻭ ﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﻜﺎﻥ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺭﺳﻤﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﺸﻬﺮ ﻭ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺪﻩ ﺭﻭﻳﻲ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻭ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ………………. 179

 

-4-8 ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺣﻜﻤﺮﻭﺍﻳﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﺸﻬﺮ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻨﺸﺄ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ…………. 190

-4-8-1 ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ، ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ………………………………………………………… 195

 

-4-9 ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 199

 

ﻓﺼﻞ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ: ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ، ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ ﻓﺮﺿﻴﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﺍﺕ

 

-5-1 ﺟﻤﻊ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ………………………………………………………………………… 203

 

-5-2 ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻔﻲ……………………………………………………………………………………. 204

-5-2-1 ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺩﻱ ﺳﺎﻛﻨﻴﻦ……………………………………………………………………….. 204

-5-2-1-1 ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺳﻨﻲ ﻭﺟﻨﺴﻲ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ…………………………………………………………….. 204

-5-2-1-2 ﻭﺿﻊ ﺗﺄﻫﻞ…………………………………………………………………………………… 205

 

-5-2-1-3 ﻭﺿﻊ ﺳﻮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻼﺕ……………………………………………………………………… 205

-5-2-1-4 ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﺷﺘﻐﺎﻝ…………………………………………………………………………………. 206

 

-5-3 ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻜﻤﺮﻭﺍﻳﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﻱ……………………………………………. 206

-5-3-1 ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺖ…………………………………………………………………………………. 206

 

-5-3-2 ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﭘﺎﺳﺨﮕﻮﻳﻲ……………………………………………………………………………….. 221

-5-3-3 ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻤﻨﺪﻱ……………………………………………………………………………….. 221

 

-5-3-4 ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﺷﻔﺎﻓﻴﺖ………………………………………………………………………………….. 223

 

-5-3-5 ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻳﻲ………………………………………………………………………. 225

-5-3-6 ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺖ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ………………………………………………………………………… 226

 

-5-4 ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ ﻓﺮﺿﻴﻪ ﻫﺎ……………………………………………………………………………………. 228